RESUMO Alimentação adequada durante os primeiros anos de vida é fundamental para a saúde e tem repercussões em todos os ciclos da vida do indivíduo. Diversos trabalhos científicos associam efeitos nocivos à saúde com exposição aos agrotóxicos. Foram avaliados 312 agrotóxicos em alimentos comumente presentes na dieta infantil, selecionados a partir do cardápio do programa de alimentação escolar da educação infantil do município do Rio de Janeiro. A seleção dos alimentos baseou-se na frequência de consumo conforme os cardápios semanais da rede municipal de ensino. A análise multirresíduos por Cromatografia Líquida de Ultra Eficiência acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas sequencial em 145 amostras (leite, cereais infantis, banana, maçã, mamão, laranja, feijão e arroz) identificou 426 detecções de 53 agrotóxicos diferentes. Mais de 68% das amostras apresentaram múltiplos resíduos de agrotóxicos. Com os resultados, foi estimada a exposição da população infantil aos resíduos encontrados, indicando potencial risco à saúde das crianças, que precisa ser uma preocupação prioritária da saúde pública. É necessário verificar os impactos toxicológicos do uso de agrotóxicos sobre a saúde infantil, ampliar a aquisição de alimentos orgânicos pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e fortalecer a agroecologia com incentivos e políticas pública, buscando proteção e promoção da saúde coletiva.

ABSTRACT Adequate nutrition in the first years of life is a fundamental requirement for health and affects all life cycles of the individual. Several scientific studies associate exposure to pesticides with adverse effects to health. A total of 312 pesticides residues were evaluated in common foods from children’s diets, selected from the infancy school feeding program menu in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The selection of food was based on the frequency of consumption according to the weekly menus of the municipal school system. Multiresidue pesticide analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry in 145 samples (milk, infant cereal, banana, apple, papaya, orange, beans and rice) identified 426 detections of 53 different pesticides. More than 68% of the samples had multiple pesticide residues. Based on the results, was estimated the exposure of children to residues that were detected, indicating a potential risk to children’s health, which needs to be a priority public health concern. It is necessary to verify the toxicological impacts of the use of pesticides on children’s health, to expand the acquisition of organic foods by the School Feeding National Program, and to strengthen agroecology with incentives and public policies, aiming at the protection and promotion of collective health.

RESUMO Alimentação adequada durante os primeiros anos de vida é fundamental para a saúde e tem repercussões em todos os ciclos da vida do indivíduo. Diversos trabalhos científicos associam efeitos nocivos à saúde com exposição aos agrotóxicos. Foram avaliados 312 agrotóxicos em alimentos comumente presentes na dieta infantil, selecionados a partir do cardápio do programa de alimentação escolar da educação infantil do município do Rio de Janeiro. A seleção dos alimentos baseou-se na frequência de consumo conforme os cardápios semanais da rede municipal de ensino. A análise multirresíduos por Cromatografia Líquida de Ultra Eficiência acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas sequencial em 145 amostras (leite, cereais infantis, banana, maçã, mamão, laranja, feijão e arroz) identificou 426 detecções de 53 agrotóxicos diferentes. Mais de 68% das amostras apresentaram múltiplos resíduos de agrotóxicos. Com os resultados, foi estimada a exposição da população infantil aos resíduos encontrados, indicando potencial risco à saúde das crianças, que precisa ser uma preocupação prioritária da saúde pública. É necessário verificar os impactos toxicológicos do uso de agrotóxicos sobre a saúde infantil, ampliar a aquisição de alimentos orgânicos pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e fortalecer a agroecologia com incentivos e políticas pública, buscando proteção e promoção da saúde coletiva.

ABSTRACT Adequate nutrition in the first years of life is a fundamental requirement for health and affects all life cycles of the individual. Several scientific studies associate exposure to pesticides with adverse effects to health. A total of 312 pesticides residues were evaluated in common foods from children’s diets, selected from the infancy school feeding program menu in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The selection of food was based on the frequency of consumption according to the weekly menus of the municipal school system. Multiresidue pesticide analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry in 145 samples (milk, infant cereal, banana, apple, papaya, orange, beans and rice) identified 426 detections of 53 different pesticides. More than 68% of the samples had multiple pesticide residues. Based on the results, was estimated the exposure of children to residues that were detected, indicating a potential risk to children’s health, which needs to be a priority public health concern. It is necessary to verify the toxicological impacts of the use of pesticides on children’s health, to expand the acquisition of organic foods by the School Feeding National Program, and to strengthen agroecology with incentives and public policies, aiming at the protection and promotion of collective health.

Abstract Objective To analyze associations between attempted suicide and childhood trauma. Methods A seven month comparative case-control study (28 subjects – patients with suicide attempt; 56 controls – patients without suicide attempt). The following instruments were used: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). Results The group with suicide attempt had significantly higher scores for some variables: emotional abuse (p < 0.001), physical abuse (p < 0.001), emotional neglect (p < 0.001), and physical neglect (p < 0.001). Conclusions The results suggest that variables related to previous trauma may influence future suicide attempts. The adoption of preventive and therapeutic actions related to mistreatments during child development is a crucial factor in reduction of suicide risk.

Samples of whole fluid pasteurized, UHT and powdered milk were analyzed for the presence of organophosphorus pesticide residues (OPR) using the QuEChERS method with detection by GC-FPD and confirmation by UPLC-MS/MS. A total of 23% of fluid milk samples and 27% of powdered milk samples contained at least one organophosphorus residue. The OPR found in the samples showed these can reach the milk and remain even after pasteurization, sterilization and drying processes. Some domestic sanitary residues were also present in the powdered milk samples. These residues have no LMR in Brazilian food legislation and are therefore not taken into account in food intake evaluations. There was an unidentified chromatographic peak in 30% of all the liquid and powdered milk samples, indicating the presence of some other contaminant.

This paper regards the implementation of the QuEChERS method for the analysis by GC-FPD of 53 different pesticides from the organophosphate class, in whole UHT and pasteurized milk. Selectivity, linearity, repeatability, recovery and limits of detection and quantification were evaluated. Of all pesticide recoveries, 51 were considered satisfactory since the values ranged from 70 to 120% with RSD < 20%. The quantification limits ranged from 0.005 to 0.4 mg kg-1. The QuEChERS method was suitable for determination of 52 pesticides, presenting several advantages - quick, cheap, easy, effective, rugged and safe - with regard to other traditional methodologies.

A proficiency assay of the determination of dithiocarbamate pesticide residues in banana was carried out. Fourteen laboratories participated in this study. Homogeneity and stability testing were performed by INCQS on the samples sent to the laboratories. Analytical results supplied by the pesticide residues laboratory of the VWA/KvW, Amsterdam, Holland, were used to define the designated value for the thiram concentration in the study samples. RESULTS: Fifty percent of the participating laboratories had satisfactory results. Efforts are needed to improve the precision of the analytical results and to decrease the number of false negative results observed.

Os hexaclorociclohexanos (HCHs) são atualmente considerados carcinógenos humanos. No Brasil, uma severa contaminação de solo causada por HCHs é observada na Cidade dos Meninos, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, onde uma antiga fábrica desses compostos foi abandonada há quarenta anos, ameaçando seus 1.700 habitantes. Para remediar a área pesadamente contaminada (área foco), um tratamento com óxido de cálcio foi realizado. Análises de solo coletadas superficialmente na área tratada, anos após o tratamento, mostraram ainda altas concentrações residuais de HCHs. Níveis de concentração tão alto quanto 6.200mg/Kg e 7.320mg/Kg foram encontrados para os isômeros gama- e delta-HCH. Para os isômeros alfa- e beta-HCH, as concentrações observadas foram superiores a 140mg/Kg e 530mg/Kg, respectivamente. Estes resultados mostraram que o tratamento com óxido de cálcio não foi eficiente para a descontaminação do solo desta área.

Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are currently considered potentially carcinogenic to humans. In Brasil, severe soil contamination by HCHs has been identified at Cidade dos Meninos, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, where an old HCH factory was abandoned 40 years ago, leaving 1,700 local residents at risk. Calcium oxide treatment was performed on the most heavily contaminated (focus) area. Analysis of superficial soil samples collected years after treatment still showed high residual HCH. Contamination levels as high as 6,200mg/Kg and 7,320mg/Kg were found for alpha- and beta-HCH isomers. For the gamma- and delta-HCH isomers, concentrations reached up to 140mg/Kg and 530mg/Kg, respectively. The results showed that calcium oxide treatment was not efficient to decontaminate the soil in this area.

Os hexaclorociclohexanos (HCHs) são atualmente considerados carcinógenos humanos. No Brasil, uma severa contaminação de solo causada por HCHs é observada na Cidade dos Meninos, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, onde uma antiga fábrica desses compostos foi abandonada há quarenta anos, ameaçando seus 1.700 habitantes. Para remediar a área pesadamente contaminada (área foco), um tratamento com óxido de cálcio foi realizado. Análises de solo coletadas superficialmente na área tratada, anos após o tratamento, mostraram ainda altas concentrações residuais de HCHs. Níveis de concentração tão alto quanto 6.200mg/Kg e 7.320mg/Kg foram encontrados para os isômeros gama- e delta-HCH. Para os isômeros alfa- e beta-HCH, as concentrações observadas foram superiores a 140mg/Kg e 530mg/Kg, respectivamente. Estes resultados mostraram que o tratamento com óxido de cálcio não foi eficiente para a descontaminação do solo desta área.

Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are currently considered potentially carcinogenic to humans. In Brasil, severe soil contamination by HCHs has been identified at Cidade dos Meninos, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, where an old HCH factory was abandoned 40 years ago, leaving 1,700 local residents at risk. Calcium oxide treatment was performed on the most heavily contaminated (focus) area. Analysis of superficial soil samples collected years after treatment still showed high residual HCH. Contamination levels as high as 6,200mg/Kg and 7,320mg/Kg were found for alpha- and beta-HCH isomers. For the gamma- and delta-HCH isomers, concentrations reached up to 140mg/Kg and 530mg/Kg, respectively. The results showed that calcium oxide treatment was not efficient to decontaminate the soil in this area.